Antigen Conjugation Services

Because small molecule compounds including short peptides are too small to induce significant immune responses by themselves, they are normally conjugated to protein carriers, such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), or ovalbumin (OVA). To link a peptide to a protein carrier, one cysteine residue is often added to the N- or C-terminus of the peptide if there is no cysteine residue.